Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine

ABSTRACT

A cylinder head, particularly adapted for a diesel engine including four valves, two inlet and two exhaust, symmetrically arranged about an injector. Each of the inlet valves has associated therewith an inlet duct opening to a first lateral face of the head. The exhaust ducts associated with the exhaust valves open on the opposite lateral face of the head. The inlet ducts are configured such that a turbulence is created in each one in the same direction around the injector seating.

1111 3,831,573 Aug. 27, 1974 2,017,877 11/1970 Germany........................123/1931-1 1,236,242 6/1971 GreatBritain........ 123/4182 CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1,928,464 12/1970 Germany....,..............:::...

[75] Inventor: Jean Excoffon, Villeurbanne, France m a h 9% r um J .m e a wR wm 4: rr mae a g a y mw WWW r P m m m y L L, e u M M. n m w 0 7 mme mm urm AF a e n .w 0 S e S n A F 1 1 3 2 7 2 1 1 Weintraub [21] Appl. N0.: 238,225

ABSTRACT [52] US. Cl. 123/193 H, 123/188 M, 123/193 CH [51] lint. F02f 1/42 A cylinder head, particularly adapted for a diesel engine including four valves, two inlet and two exhau st, 'ector. Each of the [58] Field of Search........ 123/188 M, 193 H, 41.82, 123/191 R, 193 CH symmetrically arranged about an in References Cited inlet valves has associated therewith an inlet duct UNITED STATES PATENTS opening to a first lateral face of the head. The exhaust ducts associated with the exhaust valves open on the 123/4182 123/188 M X opposite lateral face of the head. The inlet ducts are 123 19] R x configured such that a turbulence is created in each 123/188 M X one in the same direction around the injector seating. 123/4182 X FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLlCATIONS 5/1943 Anderson et a1. 9/1962 Meurer et al. 8/1964 Baster..,............. 11/1968 Akana.................. 2/1970 Saletzki et a1.

6 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures 983,059 2/1965 Great Britain 123/188 M 2 wai 3 1 CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE The present invention relates to a cylinder-head for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly for a diesel engine.

It is known practice to manufacture a cylinder-head including above the cylinder a central seating designed to take an injector lying perpendicularly to the plane of the joint, and around which are distributed four valves; namely two inlet valves and two exhaust valves. The inlet valves lead into air inlet manifolds which open on one side of the cylinder-head; the exhaust manifolds open at the other side.

The present invention has the aim of manufacturing a cylinder-head which lends itself particularly well for use with an engine having a plurality of cylinders. The cylinder heads can enable components to be placed next to each other for the manufacture of in-line or V engines.

In addition, the invention seeks to provide a cylinderhead which will create turbulence in the gas flow resulting in an improved output from the engine.

According to the present invention there is provided a cylinder head for a diesel engine, the engine having a plurality of adjacent cylinders with each cylinder having four valves grouped around a central injector, the cylinder head comprising inlet ducts all opening at one lateral face thereof and exhaust ducts opening at an opposite or second face thereof, with the positions of pairs of exhaust ducts being arrived at by analogy of one cylinder with another, and the positions of pairs of inlet ducts are likewise arrived at by analogy of one cylinder with another, each pair of inlet ducts being substantially symmetrical with the pair of exhaust ducts of the same cylinder in relation to the latters axis, each pair of inlet and exhaust ducts having one duct with a substantially straight line section and which opens on to the corresponding lateral face of the cylinder head substantially perpendicular to this face, this straightline section being extended by a section curved inwardly towardsthe center of the cylinder .as far as the level of the associated valvesocket, whilst in addition the other duct of the same pair follows an S-shaped path between the socket of its valve and the lateral face of the cylinder head where it opens almost perpendicularly.

Preferably a drilling to receive a cylinder-head stud and two water passages, arranged one on each side of this drilling, are located between the two inlet ducts of each cylinder.

Preferably between the two exhaust ducts of the one cylinder, a drilling to receive a cylinder-head stud is arranged between two drillings to allow the passage of rocker-arm push-rods, the three drillings being separated from the said opposite face of the cylinder-head by a first water passage of large section and from a region where the two exhaust ducts converge by a second water passage.

The invention will be described further by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

F 1G. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view, from below, of a cylinder head for three cylinders,

FIG. 2 is a section along llll in FIG. 1.

A cylinder-head 1 shown in the drawings is designed for fitting to three adjacent cylinders of a diesel engine. The head includes three seatings 101,201,301, each intended to receive an injector in the normal manner when the head is fitted to the three cylinders. Each injector is positioned substantially at the center of its associated cylinder and the injectors are disposed perpendicular to the common plane formed by the lower flat face 2 of the cylinder-head 1.

Four valves, namely two inlet valves and two exhaust valves, are arranged around the seating 101. Bores which receive the inlet valve stems have been designated by the references 102 and 103, while the apertures of the exhaust valve stems are designated by the references 104 and 105. The inlet valve sockets open at the face 2 in valve seats 106 and 107, and the exhaust valve sockets open in seats 108 and 109.

in the same way there are provided around the injector seating 201 of the adjacent cylinder, bores 202 and 203 for inlet valve stems, and bores 204 and 205 for exhaust valve stems. These bores are associated with inlet valve seats 206 and 207, and exhaust valve seats 208 and 209.

Finally, around the injector seating 301 of the third cylinder there are provided bores 302 and 303' for inlet valve stems, and bores 304 and 305 for exhaust valve stems. These bores are associated with inlet valve seats 306 and 307, and the exhaust valve seats 308 and 309.

It will be noticed that the arrangement of the valves around the injector seatings 201 and 301 is arrived at by analogy from the position of the valves around the injector seating 101. In other words, in the central zone of the cylinder-head, the bores 104 and which receive the exhaust valve stems of one cylinder lie adja cent the bores 202 and 203 which receive the inlet valve stems of the adjacent cylinder. Similarly, the bores 204 and 205 of the second cylinder lie alongside the bores 303 and 302 of the third cylinder.

A description in greater detail now follows of the arrangement of theinlet and exhaust manifolds corresponding to the cylinder associated with the injector seating 101, it being understood that the arrangement is identical for the inlet and exhaust manifolds of the cylinders associated with the injector seatings 201 and 301.

The cylinder-head 1 has two opposite side faces 3 and 4. These two faces are flat. All the inlet manifolds open on face 3, while all the exhaust'manifolds open on face 4.

An inlet to the valve whose stem is accommodated in the bore 103 and which valve is further away from the face 3 than the valve associated with the bore 102, is by way of a duct which has a straight-line section 110 substantially perpendicular to the face 3, followed by an inwardly curvingsection 111 which causes a turbulence in the gas flow before its penetration into the socket and then into the cylinder so that the gas swirls around the seating 101 of the injector.

On the other hand, the inlet to the valve whose stem is accommodated in bore 102, which is nearer to the face 3, is carried out through a duct 112 having a substantially S-shaped profile and which opens on to the face 3 almost perpendicularly (with a slight angle of 'inclination 124). This results in the gases before penetration into the cylinder, having a' flow corresponding to a turbulence in the same direction as previously, and the gases swirl around the injector of the seating 101. Each cylinder is, thus, provided with a pair of spaced apart substantially coplanar and rectilinear inlet ducts.

'As indicated previously, the arrangement is similar with regard to the other two cylinders, that is to say that the positions of the pairs of inlet ducts 210,211, and 212, and 310,311 and 312 are arrived at by analogy with the pair 110, 111 and 112.

Between the two inlet ducts of the one pair, for example the ducts 110, 111 and 112, there are arranged a first water passage opening 113; a drilling 114 to receive one of the cylinder head studs, and another water passage opening 115.

Exhaust is through two ducts to the face 4, one associated with the valve whose stem is received in the bore 104, the other with the valve in the bore 105. The position of these two ducts is arrived at by approximate symmetry in relation to the central injector 101 and the pair of inlet ducts 110,111, and 112. For this purpose, the socket of the valve whose stem is received in the bore 105 opens into an arcuate section 116 of a duct which is extended by a section 117 which is almost in a straight line as far as the face 4. On the other hand, the socket of the valve whose stem is received in the bore 104 opens into an exhaust duct 118 with a virtually S-shaped profile.

The transverse sections of the exhaust ducts are different from those of the inlet ducts, taking into account the outputs and the rates of gas flow.

Between the two ducts 116,117 and 118 of the one exhaust pair, there are arranged, a drilling 119 to allow the passage of a rocker push-rod; a drilling 120 to receive a cylinder-head stud, and a drilling 121 for the passage of another rocker push-rod.

In addition, between the three drillings 119,120, 121 and the face 4 there is provided a large water passage opening 122. On the opposite side, that is to say between the drillings 119, 120,121 and the region towards which the manifolds 116,117 and 118 converge there is provided another water passage opening 123.

While the above description relates to a cylinder head for use with an engine having three cylinders it will be realized that the invention can be applied to a cylinder head for an engine having any number of cylinders.

1 claim:

1. A cylinder head for a diesel engine adapted to accomodate a plurality of cylinders, comprising:

a. a head having a first lateral face and an opposite second lateral face, and

b. for each of the Cylinders:

1. a seating for an injector disposed substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the head,

2. a pair of valve seats each for receiving an inlet valve, one of the seats being behind the other, and father away from the first lateral face,

3. a pair of apertures each for an exhaust valve stem, each of the pairs being symmetrically disposed around the injector seating,

4. a pair of spaced apart substantially coplanar and rectilinear inlet ducts one for each of the inlet valves, each inlet duct being open to the first lateral face, the inlet duct for the valve farthest away from the first lateral face having a first section perpendicular to the first lateral face and a second curvilinear section curved inwardly toward the cylinder, the other inlet duct having a substantially S-shaped configuration and being inclined to the first lateral face,

5. a pair of spaced apart exhaust ducts one for each of the exhaust valves each opening perpendicular to the second lateral face and symmetrical to the inlet ducts, the ducts tending to converge proximate the center of the cylinder, and wherein each of the inlet ducts creates a turbulence in the same direction around the injector seating and wherein the position of the ducts of one cylinder are analogous to that of the adjacent cylinder.

2. A cylinder head for a diesel engine, according to claim 1 in which a drilling to receive a cylinder head stud and two water passages, arranged one on each side of this drilling, are located between the pair of inlet ducts of each cylinder.

3. A cylinder head for a diesel engine according to claim 1, in which between the two exhaust ducts of the one cylinder there is arranged a drilling to receive a cylinder-head stud placed between two drillings for the passage of rocker-arm push-rods, the three drillings being separated from the said second face of the cylinder head by a first large-section water passage and from a region where the two exhaust ducts converge by a second water passage.

4. A cylinder-head according to claim 1, which is dimensioned to cover three adjacent cylinders of a diesel engine.

5. A diesel engine incorporating a cylinder head as claimed in claim 1.

6. The cylinder head of claim 1 wherein the pair of spaced apart exhaust ducts comprise a first exhaust duct having a first linear section and a second arcuate section opening to a first exhaust valve, a second exhaust duct having an S-shaped configuration, and wherein the S-shaped second exhuast duct is associated with the exhaust valve closed to the second opposite lateral face and the first exhaust duct is associated with away from the first lateral face and the first exhaust duct is associated with the S-shaped inlet duct. 

1. A cylinder head for a diesel engine adapted to accomodate a plurality of cylinders, comprising: a. a head having a first lateral face and an opposite second lateral face, and b. for each of the cylinders:
 1. a seating for an injector disposed substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the head,
 2. a pair of valve seats each for receiving an inlet valve, one of the seats being behind the other, and father away from the first lateral face,
 3. a pair of apertures each for an exhaust valve stem, each of the pairs being symmetrically disposed around the injector seating,
 4. a pair of spaced apart substantially coplanar and rectilinear inlet ducts one for each of the inlet valves, each inlet duct being open to the first lateral face, the inlet duct for the valve farthest away from the first lateral face having a first section perpendicular to the first lateral face and a second curvilinear section curved inwardly toward the cylinder, the other inlet duct having a substantially S-shaped configuration and being inclined to the first lateral face,
 5. a pair of spaced apart exhaust ducts one for each of the exhaust valves each opening perpendicular to the second lateral face and symmetrical to the inlet ducts, the ducts tending to converge proximate the center of the cylinder, and wherein each of the inlet ducts creates a turbulence in the same direction around the injector seating and wherein the position of the ducts of one cylinder are analogous to that of the adjacent cylinder.
 2. a pair of valve seats each for receiving an inlet valve, one of the seats being behind the other, and father away from the first lateral face,
 2. A cylinder head for a diesel engine, according to claim 1 in which a drilling to receive a cylinder head stud and two water passages, arranged one on each side of this drilling, are located between the pair of inlet ducts of each cylinder.
 3. A cylinder head for a diesel engine according to claim 1, in which between the two exhaust ducts of the one cylinder there is arranged a drilling to receive a cylinder-head stud plaCed between two drillings for the passage of rocker-arm push-rods, the three drillings being separated from the said second face of the cylinder head by a first large-section water passage and from a region where the two exhaust ducts converge by a second water passage.
 3. a pair of apertures each for an exhaust valve stem, each of the pairs being symmetrically disposed around the injector seating,
 4. a pair of spaced apart substantially coplanar and rectilinear inlet ducts one for each of the inlet valves, each inlet duct being open to the first lateral face, the inlet duct for the valve farthest away from the first lateral face having a first section perpendicular to the first lateral face and a second curvilinear section curved inwardly toward the cylinder, the other inlet duct having a substantially S-shaped configuration and being inclined to the first lateral face,
 4. A cylinder-head according to claim 1, which is dimensioned to cover three adjacent cylinders of a diesel engine.
 5. A diesel engine incorporating a cylinder head as claimed in claim
 1. 5. a pair of spaced apart exhaust ducts one for each of the exhaust valves each opening perpendicular to the second lateral face and symmetrical to the inlet ducts, the ducts tending to converge proximate the center of the cylinder, and wherein each of the inlet ducts creates a turbulence in the same direction around the injector seating and wherein the position of the ducts of one cylinder are analogous to that of the adjacent cylinder.
 6. The cylinder head of claim 1 wherein the pair of spaced apart exhaust ducts comprise a first exhaust duct having a first linear section and a second arcuate section opening to a first exhaust valve, a second exhaust duct having an S-shaped configuration, and wherein the S-shaped second exhuast duct is associated with the exhaust valve closed to the second opposite lateral face and the first exhaust duct is associated with the exhaust valve farthest away from the second opposite lateral face such that the S-shaped exhaust duct is associated with the inlet duct for the valve farthest away from the first lateral face and the first exhaust duct is associated with the S-shaped inlet duct. 